A highly tangled character

Life began simply enough for 網(wǎng), on a fishing trip, then things became a little more complicated ...

These days you're more likely to use the virtual net than handle a real one, but the character 網(wǎng) (wǎng) remains a handy reminder of the days when more fish slipped the hunter's net than savvy Internet users jumped over firewalls. But 網(wǎng) still bears a strong resemblance to its original, bone oracle form. Originally drawn to look like the nets used for hunting and fishing, its structure has actually rounded from simple to complicated, and back to simple.

Things started getting knotty when the pronunciation aid 亡 (wáng) was added below 網(wǎng), turning it into 罔 (wǎng). The confusion was heightened when 罔 also came to be wrongly used as a negating word meaning 沒有 (don't have) as seen in the idiom 置若罔聞 (zhì ruò wǎng wén), which literally means "to act as if there is no news", or more colloquially, "to turn a deaf ear to".

To avoid confusion, the radical 糸 (mì) was added to 罔's left side, to form 網(wǎng) (wǎng). 糸 means "thread" or "silk yarn", and was used to indicate the kinds of silk nets that were used for hunting and fishing. Meanwhile, the 罔 without a 糸 continued to be used to express 沒有 as well as "deceive".

Though the meaning was now clear, 網(wǎng)'s strokes had multiplied like bunnies in heat, making it a huge pain to write. The movement to simplify Chinese characters in the 1950s provided the perfect opportunity to rectify the unnecessary complexity, and 網(wǎng) reverted to the elegant simplicity of 網(wǎng).

Just as in English, there are a ton of fishing-related expressions that use 網(wǎng). To wit: 張網(wǎng) (zhāng wǎng, to throw out your net), 落網(wǎng) (luò wǎng, be caught by a net), 漏網(wǎng)之魚 (lòu wǎng zhī yú, the fish that slipped through the net, or "the one that got away"), 魚死網(wǎng)破 (yú sǐ wǎng pò, the fish dies and the net gets torn, a lose-lose situation), 一網(wǎng)打盡 (yī wǎng dǎ jìn, to catch all in one net, to round up in one fell swoop), 網(wǎng)開一面 (wǎng kāi yī miàn, leave one side of the net open, give the wrongdoer a way out). Another one is 臨淵羨魚, 不如退而結(jié)網(wǎng)," (lín yuān xiàn yú, bùrú tuì ér jié wǎng), which means, "Standing near the water and admiring fish isn't as good as going back and weaving a net." Though 網(wǎng) was originally a noun, it also came to be used as a verb. For example: "網(wǎng)到一條大魚," (wǎng dào yì tiáo dà yú), which means to net a big fish.

The metaphorical meanings were expanded through sayings like, "天網(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏," (tiān wǎng huī huī, shū ér bù lòu). This literally means that "the net of heaven has large meshes, but it lets nothing through", meaning that evil cannot escape punishment. And then there are your more prosaic nets, like 蜘蛛網(wǎng) (zhīzhūwǎng, spiderweb), 鐵絲網(wǎng) (tiěsīwǎng, wire netting), 排球網(wǎng) (páiqiúwǎng, volleyball net) and so on. Things that resemble the criss-cross organization and structure of nets are also called 網(wǎng). For example: 水利網(wǎng) (shuǐlìwǎng, irrigation network), 交通網(wǎng) (jiāotōngwǎng, transportation network), 通訊網(wǎng) (tōngxùnwǎng, communications network), 商業(yè)網(wǎng) (shāngyèwǎng, trade network), 關(guān)系網(wǎng) (guānxìwǎng, interpersonal network) and so on.

Since the Internet, or 網(wǎng)絡(luò) (wǎngluò), burst onto the scene, more and more "virtual nets" have been popping up in people's lives. For example, 社交網(wǎng) (shèjiāo wǎng, social network), 婚戀網(wǎng) (hūnliàn wǎng, marriage network), 購物網(wǎng) (gòuwù wǎng, shopping network), and so on. There are also a lot of web-related words like 網(wǎng)吧 (wǎngbā, Internet café), 網(wǎng)址 (wǎngzhǐ, web address), 網(wǎng)頁 (wǎngyè, webpage), 網(wǎng)速 (wǎngsù, Internet speed), and 網(wǎng)警 (wǎngjǐng, Internet police). These days, even if you are not a 網(wǎng)蟲 (wǎngchóng, "Internet bug" or Internet addict), you are probably at least a 網(wǎng)民 (wǎngmín, a regular Internet user); even if you haven't had a 網(wǎng)戀 (wǎngliàn, cyber romance), you have a few 網(wǎng)友 (wǎngyǒu, Internet friends). If you have a white-collar office job, you definitely like 網(wǎng)購 (wǎnggòu, online shopping). You can use 網(wǎng)銀 (wǎngyín, Internet banking) to manage your finances; in your spare time you can study at a 網(wǎng)校 (wǎngxiào, online school).

In short, there is no aspect of the tangled web of our online lives that this character does not reach.

Courtesy of The World of Chinese, www.theworldofchinese.com

The World of Chinese

(China Daily 02/22/2013 page17)