Who benefits from tariffs exceeding 100 percent?

China released a white paper on China-US economic, trade relations and the message is clear: Cooperation is the only path to mutual success.

When Washington imposes over 100 percent tariffs, it's not just a trade dispute, it has become outright economic coercion.

The US' tariff hammer not only disrupts global trade，it will also break the wallets of American consumers.

When Americans pay double for sweaters, when factories stall without Chinese components, when "MAGA" supporters trade red caps for unemployment forms, when protesters flood American streets - what benefits do these exorbitant tariffs actually bring?

America's tariff restrictions have artificially severed global supply chains, subverted market-based trade rules, disrupted economic development worldwide, and ultimately harmed the welfare of all nations - including its own people - undermining economic globalization itself.

Facing such trade bullying, China has taken lawful countermeasures in accordance with international law.

The tide of the times surges ceaselessly. China's countermeasures stand on the side of fairness and justice for all humanity, saying no to hegemony; they are aimed at upholding a free and equal trade system; they stand on the side of righteousness.

One truth remains: Trade wars produce no winners, and protectionism leads nowhere. The success of China and the United States presents opportunities, not threats, for each other. The Chinese people have the wisdom and strength to overcome any challenge, today and always.