俄頒布新規 變性者禁止駕車

Russia has listed transsexual and transgender people among those who will no longer qualify for driving licences.

在俄羅斯，變性者和跨性別者再無資格獲取駕駛執照。

Fetishism, exhibitionism and voyeurism are also included as "mental disorders" now barring people from driving.

戀物癖、裸露癖和窺陰癖者也被列為精神障礙者，不允許駕車。

The government says it is tightening medical controls for drivers because Russia has too many road accidents.

政府表示，由于俄羅斯交通事故過多，這樣做是為了加強駕駛者的醫療控制。

"Pathological" gambling and compulsive stealing are also on the list. Russian psychiatrists and human rights lawyers have condemned the move.

病態賭博和強迫性偷竊也在禁止駕駛的列表之內。俄羅斯精神病學家和人權律師一致譴責這一行為。

The announcement follows international complaints about Russian harassment of gay-rights activists.

此前，俄羅斯對同性戀權利活躍分子的態度引發國際社會爭議。

In 2013 Russia made "promoting non-traditional lifestyles" illegal.

2013年，俄羅斯將“提倡非傳統生活方式”列為違法行為。

Valery Evtushenko at the Russian Psychiatric Association voiced concern about the driving restrictions, speaking to the BBC Russian Service. He said some people would avoid seeking psychiatric help, fearing a driving ban.

俄羅斯精神病協會（Russian Psychiatric Association ）成員瓦萊麗（Valery Evtushenko ）告訴英國廣播公司，他對這一駕駛限制很擔憂。很多人為了能繼續駕車，會拒絕治療精神疾病。

The Association of Russian Lawyers for Human Rights called the new law "discriminatory". It said it would demand clarifications from the Russian Constitutional Court and seek support from international human rights organisations.

俄羅斯人權律師協會（The Association of Russian Lawyers for Human Rights ）認為此項規定帶有歧視性，希望俄羅斯憲法法院（the Russian Constitutional Court ）對此澄清并尋求國際人權組織支持。

But the Professional Drivers Union supported the move. "We have too many deaths on the road, and I believe toughening medical requirements for applicants is fully justified," said the union's head Alexander Kotov.

而職業駕駛員聯盟（Professional Drivers Union ）則支持這一規定，聯盟領導者亞歷山大?科托夫（Alexander Kotov）表示，“太多人在交通事故中喪命，我相信提高醫學要求非常正當”。

However, he said the requirements should not be so strict for non-professional drivers.

但他認為對于非職業駕駛員要求不必過于嚴格。

Mikhail Strakhov, a Russian psychiatric expert, told BBC Russian that the definition of "personality disorders" was too vague and some disorders would not affect a person's ability to drive a car safely.

俄精神病專家米哈伊爾?俄特拉霍夫（Mikhail Strakhov）告訴英國廣播公司，精神障礙者的定義很含糊，一些障礙并不會影響安全駕車的能力。

（翻譯：xinxin10 編輯：Julie）