美大學(xué)規(guī)定上課說(shuō)錯(cuò)話或掛科

Professors at a US university have told students that they risk failing their assignments and even their semester if they use offensive or hateful language in class or submissions.
美國(guó)一所大學(xué)的教授告知學(xué)生，如果有人在課堂上或提交的作業(yè)中使用了冒犯性或仇視性的話語(yǔ)，他將承擔(dān)課后作業(yè)甚至整個(gè)學(xué)期掛科的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Two programmes taught at Washington State University have set out clear restrictions upon the language students can use, banning terms such as "The Man", "Coloured People" and "Illegals/Illegal Aliens".
華盛頓州立大學(xué)（Washington State University）教授的兩門(mén)課程對(duì)于學(xué)生們的語(yǔ)言使用進(jìn)行了明晰限定，禁止學(xué)生使用“白人（The Man）”“有色人種（Coloured People）”以及“非法移民（Illegals/ Illegal Alien）”等字眼。

The terms have been forbidden by certain professors on the basis that they are "oppressive and hateful", according to one of the syllabuses reported by Campus Reform.
Campus Reform報(bào)道中提到的一項(xiàng)教學(xué)大綱指出，上述表達(dá)之所以被某些教授禁用，是基于其具有“壓迫性和仇視性”。

The "Course Notes and Policies" of the university's "Women & Popular Culture" course taught by Professor Selena Lester Breikss specifies that “Gross generalisations, stereotypes, and derogatory/oppressive language are not acceptable".
華盛頓州立大學(xué)的“女性與流行文化（Women & Popular Culture）”課程由薩琳娜·萊斯特·布雷克斯（Selena Lester Breikss）教授，該課程的《課程備忘與要求》明確規(guī)定：“禁止一概而論的、刻板印象式的、貶損的以及壓迫性的語(yǔ)言。”

"Use of racist, sexist, homophobic, transphobic, xenophobic, classist, or generally offensive language in class or submission of such material will not be tolerated," it adds.
要求還包括：“禁止在課堂上使用種族歧視、性別歧視、恐同、恐跨性別、恐外、階級(jí)歧視的或通常被認(rèn)為是冒犯性的語(yǔ)言，提交的作業(yè)中出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似內(nèi)容同樣零容忍。”

Breikss also bans the use of the words "male and female" in the course.
布雷克斯還禁止在課程上使用“男性和女性”字眼。

A further course entitled "Introduction to Comparative Ethics Studies" taught by Professor Rebecca Fowler also states that the use of "inappropriate terminology" will impact on students' grades, "with the deduction of one point per incident".
另一門(mén)名為“比較倫理學(xué)研究導(dǎo)論（Introduction to Comparative Ethics Studies）”的課程，由麗貝卡·富勒（Rebecca Fowler）教授，她提出使用“不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯”將影響學(xué)生的成績(jī)，“該狀況每出現(xiàn)一次扣一分”。

Terms included in the language sanctions include "coloured", "the white man" and "illegals".
被禁的字眼包括：“有色的”“白人”和“非法移民”。

Fowler cites the Associated Press style guide saying: "The Stylebook no longer sanctions the term 'illegal immigrant' or the use of 'illegal' to describe a person … 'illegal' should describe only an action."
富勒援引美聯(lián)社（the Associated Press）風(fēng)格指南的內(nèi)容稱：“（美聯(lián)社）《寫(xiě)作規(guī)范》（ Stylebook）不再認(rèn)可“illegal immigrant（非法移民）”的說(shuō)法，也不允許使用illegal（非法的）形容一個(gè)人…“非法的”只能用來(lái)描述一種行為。

Professor Fowler told Campus Reform that the term "illegal alien" has saturated dominant discourses to the extent that society “associates ALL unauthorized border crossings with those immigrants originating from countries south of our border."
富勒教授告訴Campus Reform，強(qiáng)勢(shì)話語(yǔ)中充斥著“非法入境者（illegal alien）”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)，以致社會(huì)“將所有未經(jīng)許可跨越邊境的人與那些來(lái)自我國(guó)邊境以南的移民者混為一談。”

Washington State University's call against inappropriate terms follows a decision by both the University of California and the University of Tennessee to encourage students to use gender-neutral pronouns for transgender and queer-identifying students.
華盛頓州立大學(xué)呼吁反對(duì)“不恰當(dāng)言語(yǔ)”的號(hào)召呼應(yīng)了加利福利亞大學(xué)（the University of California）和田納西大學(xué)（the University of Tennessee）的決定。這兩所學(xué)校鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們使用中性代詞指代跨性別和同性戀學(xué)生。

Tutors have been requested to consider asking students which pronouns they wish to be addressed by, warning against assuming gender-binary pronouns "he" and "she".
導(dǎo)師們也被要求考慮征詢學(xué)生，他們希望別人用哪個(gè)代詞指稱自己。而性別二元對(duì)立式的代詞如“他”和“她”，應(yīng)慎用。

Vocabulary

the Man:(尤指有權(quán)威的、警方的或受輕視的)白人或白人總稱[黑人俚語(yǔ)]

illegal alien：非法入境者，非法移民[美國(guó)英語(yǔ)]

generalisation：概括，泛泛而論

stereotype：把…模式化; 對(duì)…產(chǎn)生成見(jiàn)

derogatory：貶低的

homophobic：對(duì)同性戀者憎惡的

xenophobic：恐外的，排外的

saturate：使充滿

英文來(lái)源：獨(dú)立報(bào)

譯者：liangliangzl

審校&編輯：劉明