印度起訴英女王 要求英國歸還光之山鉆石

It was once the world's largest-known diamond, is worth a reported ￡100m and is currently part of Britain's crown jewels.
它曾是世界上已知的最大鉆石，現在是英國鑲嵌在王冠上的御寶之一，據稱價值1億英鎊。

But India wants it back.
但印度想把這塊鉆石討回來。

Bollywood stars and businessmen have united to instruct lawyers to begin legal proceedings in London's High Court to return the Koh-i-Noor diamond.
寶萊塢（largest-known diamond,）一眾影星和多名商人聯合委托律師，向倫敦高等法院（London's High Court）提起訴訟，要求歸還光之山鉆石（Koh-i-Noor）。

The diamond was in the crown worn by the Queen Mother at the coronation of her husband King George VI in 1937 and again at Queen Elizabeth's coronation in 1953.
伊麗莎白王太后出席1937年丈夫喬治六世國王（King George VI）和1953年女兒伊麗莎白女王（Queen Elizabeth）的加冕禮時，頭上佩戴的王冠就鑲嵌了光之山鉆石。

The group, which has called itself the "Mountain of Light" after the translation of the stone's name, say that the 105-carat diamond was stolen from its true home in India and are demanding that the UK Government returns it.
訴訟團體以鉆石的英文譯名Mountain of Light（以下稱“光之山”）自稱。他們稱，這顆重105克拉的鉆石是從其故鄉印度盜走的，要求英國政府歸還光之山鉆石。

The stone is "one of the many artefacts taken from India under dubious circumstances", according to David de Souza from the Indian leisure group Tito's.
印度旅游休閑公司Tito's的戴維?德?蘇扎（David de Souza）表示，這顆鉆石只是“在可疑的情形下流失的眾多印度文物之一。”

Souza claims the British colonisation of India had stolen wealth and "destroyed the country's psyche".
蘇扎稱，英國對印度的殖民統治不僅掠奪了大筆財富，還“摧毀了印度的民族精神”。

The jewel was given to the reigning Queen of the time by the last ruler of the Sikhs, Duleep Singh, after the British annexe of the Punjab.
英國將印度的旁遮普邦（Punjab）吞并后，印度最后一位錫克大君達立普?辛格（Duleep Singh）將光之山鉆石進獻給了當時在位的英國女王。

Bollywood star Bhumicka Singh, also part of the group, said: "The Koh-i-noor is not just a 105-carat stone, but part of our history and culture and should undoubtedly be returned."
寶萊塢影星布米卡?辛格（Bhumicka Singh）也是這個訴訟團體的成員，她表示：“光之山不只是一顆105克拉的鉆石，還是印度歷史和文化的一部分。英國無疑應當歸還。”

British Lawyers instructed by the "Mountain of Light" group to return the stone, said they would base their case on the Holocaust (Return of Cultural Objects) Act, which gives national institutions in the UK the power to return stolen art.
“光之山”團體委托的英國律師表示，此次訴訟會以《大屠殺（文化物品歸還）法案》為根據。這項法案賦予英國國家機構歸還被竊藝術品的權利。

Satish Jakhu, of Birmingham-based law firm Rubric Lois King, said they would make their claim under the common law doctrine of “trespass to goods”, arguing that the government had stolen the diamond. He added that they would be taking their case to the International Court of Justice.
伯明翰律所Rubric Lois King的律師薩蒂什?雅庫（Satish Jakhu）表示，他們將依據習慣法有關“非法侵占他人所有物”的規定提出訴訟，并證明這顆鉆石確實是英國政府偷取所得。他還表示他們將會上訴至聯合國國際法院（International Court of Justice）。

Historian Andrew Roberts told the Mail on Sunday: "Those involved in this ludicrous case should recognise that the British Crown Jewels is precisely the right place for the Koh-i-Noor diamond to reside, in grateful recognition for over three centuries of British involvement in India, which led to the modernisation, development, protection, agrarian advance, linguistic unification and ultimately the democratisation of the sub-continent."
歷史學家安德魯?羅伯茨（Andrew Roberts）對《星期日郵報》（Mail on Sunday）表示：“參與這起荒唐訴訟案的原告應當承認，英國王室皇冠是光之山鉆石的最佳歸處，這是對英國對印度長達300多年的幫助的感念和認可。這些幫助促進了印度的現代化，幫助印度不斷發展，給予了印度適當保護，推動了農業進步，使其語言統一，最終引領這塊次大陸走上了民主的道路。”

According to legend, the gem can only be worn by God or women, and whoever wears the jewel will become extremely powerful, but if a man wears it, he will meet an unfortunate end.
據傳說，光之山鉆石只可由上帝或女性佩戴，佩戴者將擁有極大的權勢。但如果佩戴者是男性，就會厄運上身。

The jewel was also in the crowns of Queen Alexandra and Queen Mary. It remains in the Queen Mother's crown, which sat atop her coffin at her funeral in 2002.
光之山鉆石也曾被鑲嵌在亞歷山德拉王后（Queen Alexandra）和瑪麗王后（Queen Mary）的冠冕上。現在這顆鉆石仍嵌在伊麗莎白王太后的王冠上，這頂王冠在2002年王太后的葬禮上被放置在她的棺木之上。

The UK Government has so far rejected the claims.
到目前為止，英國政府否認印方的說法。

Vocabulary

crown jewels：(鑲在王冠、權杖等上面以示王權的)御寶

proceedings：訴訟

coronation：(國王或女王的) 加冕儀式

artefact：(尤指有歷史或文化價值的)手工藝品

annexe：兼并(領土等)，強行占取(領土等)

doctrine：(法律的)規則

trespass：非法侵入，侵犯，侵占

agrarian：農業的

sub-continent：次大陸

英文來源：獨立報

譯者：許楠楠

審校&編輯：劉明