為機(jī)器人設(shè)置毀滅開關(guān) 歐盟或立法將其當(dāng)人看

近年來人工智能迅速發(fā)展，機(jī)器人的功能越來越多，甚至在某些方面的表現(xiàn)已經(jīng)超過人類。這不禁讓人擔(dān)心關(guān)于人工智能的悲觀預(yù)言是否會(huì)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。為了避免預(yù)言成真，歐洲議會(huì)議員發(fā)起提案，要求為機(jī)器人配備緊急“毀滅開關(guān)”，以防止他們制造嚴(yán)重傷害。立法者還建議為機(jī)器人投保，甚至還要向他們收稅。

Europe is preparing for a robot revolution.
歐洲正策劃一場(chǎng)機(jī)器人革命。

European lawmakers have proposed that robots be equipped with emergency "kill switches" to prevent them from causing excessive damage. Legislators have also suggested that robots be insured and even be made to pay taxes.
歐洲立法者建議為機(jī)器人配備緊急“毀滅開關(guān)”，以防止他們制造嚴(yán)重傷害。立法者還建議為機(jī)器人投保，甚至還要他們繳納稅款。

The proposal on robot governance was approved by the European Parliament's legal affairs committee on Thursday. The issue will now be considered by the European Commission, which is the bloc's top regulator.
12日，歐洲議會(huì)法律事務(wù)委員會(huì)通過了關(guān)于機(jī)器人治理的提案。歐盟最高監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)——?dú)W盟委員會(huì)將開始審批這一提案。

"A growing number of areas of our daily lives are increasingly affected by robotics," said Mady Delvaux, the parliamentarian who authored the proposal. "To ensure that robots are and will remain in the service of humans, we urgently need to create a robust European legal framework."
提案撰寫者梅迪?德爾沃議員表示，“機(jī)器人在日常生活領(lǐng)域的影響越來越廣。為了確保他們繼續(xù)為人類服務(wù)，我們迫切需要建立一個(gè)健全的歐洲法律框架。”

Here is what lawmakers have proposed:
下面是立法者的提案：

Kill switch
毀滅開關(guān)

The proposal calls for a new charter on robotics that would give engineers guidance on how to design ethical and safe machines.
提案呼吁頒布一項(xiàng)新的機(jī)器人法案，以指導(dǎo)工程師設(shè)計(jì)合乎道德和安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的機(jī)器。

For example, designers should include "kill switches" so that robots can be turned off in emergencies. They must also make sure that robots can be reprogrammed if their software doesn't work as designed.
例如，設(shè)計(jì)者應(yīng)該加入“毀滅開關(guān)”以便在緊急情況下關(guān)閉機(jī)器人。他們還必須確保在程序沒有按照設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)行時(shí)可以給機(jī)器人重新編寫程序。

Remember: It's just a robot
記住：這只是一個(gè)機(jī)器人

The proposal also says that robots should always be identifiable as mechanical creations. That will help prevent humans from developing emotional attachments.
提案還指出，機(jī)器人應(yīng)該始終被視為機(jī)械產(chǎn)物。這有助于防止人類對(duì)其產(chǎn)生情感依戀。

The report cites the example of care robots, saying that people who are physically dependent on them could develop emotional attachments.
報(bào)告以“機(jī)器人護(hù)理”為例，指出對(duì)機(jī)器人有生理依賴的人類會(huì)產(chǎn)生情感上的依戀。

也許你認(rèn)為這樣的擔(dān)心是多余的，人類和機(jī)器人的愛情只會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作里。但是，事實(shí)證明這不僅僅是幻想。據(jù)外媒近日?qǐng)?bào)道，一名法國女性戀上3D打印機(jī)器人并想與之結(jié)婚。這位女性表示她從小就喜歡聽機(jī)器人的聲音，而且她只愛機(jī)器人，討厭和人類發(fā)生身體接觸。

Who's responsible for misbehaving robots?
誰來為機(jī)器人的不當(dāng)行為買單？

The proposal calls for a compulsory insurance scheme - similar to car insurance - that would require producers and owners to take out insurance to cover the damage caused by their robots.
提案呼吁實(shí)施一項(xiàng)與汽車保險(xiǎn)類似的強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃，要求機(jī)器人生產(chǎn)商和所有者投保賠償自己的機(jī)器人制造的損害。

Give robots rights?
賦予機(jī)器人權(quán)利？

The proposal explores whether sophisticated autonomous robots should be given the status of "electronic persons."
提案還探討了是否應(yīng)該給予全自主精密機(jī)器人“電子人”的地位。

This designation would apply in situations where robots make autonomous decisions or interact with humans independently.
這一定義將適用于機(jī)器人進(jìn)行自主決策或與人類獨(dú)立互動(dòng)的情況。

It would also saddle robots with certain rights and obligations - for example, robots would be responsible for any damage they cause.
機(jī)器人還將獲得某些權(quán)利和義務(wù)——例如，機(jī)器人將為他們制造的所有傷害負(fù)責(zé)。

Should robots pay tax?
機(jī)器人應(yīng)該繳稅嗎？

If advanced robots start replacing human workers in large numbers, the report recommends the European Commission force their owners to pay taxes or contribute to social security.
該報(bào)告建議，如果先進(jìn)的機(jī)器人開始大量替代人工，那么歐盟委員需迫使其所有者繳納稅款或社保。

EU member states should also consider implementing a universal income to blunt the impact of the job losses.
歐盟成員國也應(yīng)考慮統(tǒng)一薪資以減少對(duì)失業(yè)者的影響。

英文來源：CNN
翻譯&編輯：董靜
審校：丹妮