美英禁止攜帶電腦登機 多個中東國家受影響

美英兩國先后宣布禁止入境航班乘客攜帶大型電子設備登機。美國政府21日宣布將禁止8個中東、北非國家境內10座機場的赴美航班乘客隨身攜帶大于手機的電子設備登機；此類設備需放入托運行李中。英國政府隨后也針對來自土耳其、中東、北非地區的一些國家的航班宣布了類似的禁令。據報道，美英兩國的禁令與恐怖主義威脅有關。BBC稱，美國情報機構可能獲得關于恐怖襲擊的情報。

The US and UK are banning laptops from cabin baggage on flights from certain countries in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as Turkey.
美英兩國正對由中東、北非地區某些國家及土耳其入境的航班實施禁止隨身攜帶筆記本電腦登機的禁令。

The US ban on electronic devices larger than a smartphone is being imposed as an anti-terrorist precaution.
美國禁止隨身攜帶大于智能手機的電子設備登機的禁令是為了防范恐怖襲擊。

The US ban applies to 10 airports in eight Muslim-majority countries. It covers inbound flights on nine airlines. Phones are not affected.
該禁令針對8個穆斯林為主要人口國家的10座機場，涉及9家航空公司的入境航班。手機不受影響。

The British ban, announced hours after the American measure, is similar but applies to different airlines.
幾小時后，英國緊隨美國公布了類似的禁令，但是涉及的航空公司不同。

Downing Street said airline passengers on 14 carriers would not be able to carry laptops in cabin luggage on inbound direct flights from Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Tunisia and Saudi Arabia.
英國政府表示，乘坐14家航空公司從土耳其、黎巴嫩、約旦、埃及、突尼斯以及沙特阿拉伯直飛英國入境航班的乘客將無法隨身攜帶筆記本電腦。

The Turkish government said the US ban was wrong and should be reversed.
土耳其政府稱，美國的禁令是個錯誤，應該被撤銷。

Large electronic devices will still be allowed on board in checked baggage.
大型電子設備仍然可以托運帶上飛機。

Canadian Transport Minister Marc Garneau said his country was also considering restrictions on electronics in the cabins of planes.
加拿大交通部長馬克?加尼奧稱，加拿大也在考慮限制飛機客艙內的電子產品。

Which flights are affected?
哪些航班受到影響？

The nine airlines affected by the US ban:
受美國禁令影響的9家航空公司：

Royal Jordanian, EgyptAir, Turkish Airlines, Saudi Arabian Airlines, Kuwait Airways, Royal Air Maroc, Qatar Airways, Emirates, Etihad Airways
皇家約旦航空、埃及航空、土耳其航空、沙特航空、科威特航空、摩洛哥皇家航空、卡塔爾航空、阿聯酋航空以及阿提哈德航空。

The 14 Carriers affected by the UK ban:
受英國禁令影響的14家航空公司：

British Airways, EasyJet, Jet2.com, Monarch, Thomas Cook Airlines, Thomson Airways, Turkish Airlines, Pegasus Airways, Atlas-Global Airlines, Middle East Airlines, EgyptAir, Royal Jordanian, Tunis Air, Saudi Arabian Airlines
英國航空，易捷航空，Jet2.com，君主航空，托馬斯庫克航空，湯姆森航空，土耳其航空，天馬航空，阿特拉斯環球航空，中東航空，埃及航空，皇家約旦航空，突尼斯航空，沙特航空

The airlines included in the US decision have been given a deadline of 07:00 GMT on Saturday to impose the ban, officials said, adding that the restriction had no end date.
美國政府官員稱，接到該國指令的航空公司需在25日格林尼治時間7點前執行禁令，并稱該禁令沒有截止日期。

However, an Emirates spokeswoman told Reuters news agency the airline understood that the US directive would come into effect on 25 March and remain valid until 14 October 2017.
然而，阿聯酋航空的一位發言人告訴路透社，該公司獲悉美國的禁令將于3月25日生效，執行至今年10月14日。

Why now?
為什么在此時推出禁令？

The restriction is based, we are told, on "evaluated intelligence", BBC security correspondent Frank Gardner writes.
BBC安全事務通訊員弗蘭克?加德納稱，BBC被告知這項禁令基于“已經過評估的情報”。

That means that US intelligence has either intercepted discussion of a possible extremist plot or has been passed word of one by a human informant.
這意味著美國情報部門要么截獲了一則潛在的極端主義陰謀情報，要么有線人向其傳遞了消息。

The Middle Eastern and North African airports affected are nearly all ones with close, friendly relations with Washington, so this will be seen by some as a drastic and unpopular measure. Wealthy Gulf Arab business leaders flying to the US, for example, will no longer be able to work on their laptops mid-flight.
中東、北非地區受影響的機場幾乎都與美國保有密切友好的關系，所以一些人認為此項禁令是激進而不得人心的措施。富有的波斯灣地區商業領袖在飛往美國途中再也不能使用筆記本電腦辦公了。

But aviation security experts were alarmed by an incident in Somalia last year when the insurgent group al-Shabaab smuggled an explosive-filled laptop on a flight out of Mogadishu, blowing a hole in the side of the plane. The aircraft was still low enough that the pilot was able to land the plane safely.
去年索馬里發生的一起事件讓航空安全專家們驚恐萬分。當時武裝組織索馬里青年黨將一臺裝滿爆炸物的筆記本電腦偷偷帶上了摩加迪沙的離港航班，將飛機一側炸開了一個窟窿。由于飛機還在低海拔飛行，飛行員才得以安全降落。

How is the ban being justified?
禁令是否正當合理？

In a statement, the DHS cited attacks on planes and airports over the past two years.
美國國土安全部在一份聲明中援引了過去兩年針對飛機和機場的襲擊。

Bombs, it said, had been hidden in such items as a soft drink can, in the downing of a Russian airliner over Egypt in October 2015 with the loss of 224 lives, and the laptop used in the unsuccessful Somali attack last year.
國土安全部表示，2015年10月一架俄羅斯客機在埃及上空爆炸墜落，炸彈藏在了軟飲料罐中。去年，有人利用筆記本電腦策劃索馬里襲擊未遂。

So-called Islamic State said it bombed the Russian plane over Egypt

"Evaluated intelligence indicates that terrorist groups continue to target commercial aviation, to include smuggling explosive devices in various consumer items," the DHS said.
“情報評估表明，恐怖組織一直把民用航空作為攻擊目標，利用各種各樣的消費品將爆炸裝置偷運上飛機。”

A British Government spokesperson said: "The additional security measures may cause some disruption for passengers and flights, and we understand the frustration that will cause, but our top priority will always be to maintain the safety of British nationals."
英國政府的一位發言人表示：“這項附加的安全措施可能會對乘客和航班造成一定困擾。我們完全理解因此引發的不滿。但是我們始終將維護英國公民安全作為第一要務。”

Will the ban be effective?
禁令有用嗎？

Turkish Transport Minister Ahmet Arslan told reporters the ban was "not a right move".
土耳其交通部部長艾哈邁德?阿爾斯蘭告訴記者，禁令“不是恰當的措施”。

"We particularly emphasise how this will not benefit the passenger and that reverse steps or a softening should be adopted," he added.
他說：“我們特別強調，這樣做將對乘客不利，應該將禁令取消或采取溫和措施。”

Philip Baum, editor in chief of Aviation Security magazine, told the BBC: "If we cannot, in 2017, distinguish between a laptop that contains an IED (improvised explosive device) and one that does not, then our screening process is completely flawed.
《航空安全》雜志主編菲利普?鮑姆對BBC表示：“如果我們現在還不能區分含有臨時爆炸裝置的筆記本電腦和普通的電腦，那么這說明我們的審查程序存在缺陷。”

Ataturk Airport, which has stringent security checks in place, was attacked last year

"And encouraging people to check laptops, and other such items, into the luggage hold simply makes the challenge even harder. Cabin baggage can, at least, be inspected piece by piece and the accompanying passenger questioned."
“鼓勵人們托運筆記本電腦以及其他電子產品只會讓挑戰難上加難。至少，隨身行李可以一件件檢查，也可以對行李攜帶者進行盤問。”

Simon Calder, travel editor of the UK's Independent newspaper, suggested the British ban would affect travellers differently because it included budget flights.
英國《獨立報》的旅行編輯西蒙?考爾德認為，該國禁令會對旅行者產生不同的影響，因為禁令也涉及廉價航班。

"It's easy for the Americans, they don't have as many flights as us coming in and furthermore they don't have things like low-cost flights where I'm not going to pay to check in a bag," he told the BBC.
他對BBC稱：“這對美國人來說很簡單，他們的入境航班不像我們這么多，此外，他們沒有廉價航班，我搭乘這類航班時不會付費托運行李。”

"And suddenly I've got my laptop, I'm going to have to put that in a little bag and hand it in. Oh, and by the way, good news for petty thieves all over the airports of the world because lots of rich pickings are going to be around."
“而現在突然要托運筆記本電腦，我要把它放進小行李袋里交上去。哦，順便說一下，這對于各國機場的眾多小偷來說是個好消息，因為很多值錢的東西等著他們大顯身手。”

英文來源：BBC
翻譯&編輯：董靜
審校：馬文英