Is it possible to tell how happy we all are?
Yes, according to US scientists who have devised a way to measure the happiness of millions of bloggers -- and found Michael Jackson's death was one of the saddest days while the U.S. election was the happiest in four years.
Peter Dodds and Chris Danforth, a mathematician and computer scientist from the Advanced Computing Center at the University of Vermont, have created a "sensor" to mine 2.3 million blogs and gather sentences beginning with "I feel" or "I am feeling." Each sentence is then given a happiness score from 1 to 9 depending on a point system allocated to 1,034 words. For example, "triumphant" averages 8.87 points, "paradise" 8.72, "pancakes" 6.08, and "suicide" 1.25.
They said this "hedonometer" showed that the US election day last November was the happiest day in four years with a spike in the word "proud" while the day of the "King of Pop's" death was one of the unhappiest.
"The proliferation of personal online writing such as blogs gives us the opportunity to measure emotional levels in real time," they said in their report titled "Measuring the Happiness of Large-Scale Written Expression: Songs, Blogs, and Presidents."
Their study, reported this week in the Journal of Happiness Studies, involved gathering nearly 10 million sentences.
"Our method is only reasonable for large-scale texts, like what's available on the Web. Any one sentence might not show much. There's too much variability in individual expression," said Dodds.
The scientists said that although blog writers tend to be younger and more educated than average, they were broadly representative of the US population.
They were also writing in a natural environment where they were comfortable as opposed to other happiness studies were participants were put on the spot.
"They think they are communicating with friends but (since blogs are public), we're just looking over their shoulders," said Danforth.
They said their results also ran contrary to recent social science data that suggested people basically feel the same at all ages of life.
Their method showed young teenagers are unhappiest with a disproportionate use of "sick," "hate," "stupid," "sad," "depressed," "bored," "lonely," "mad," and "fat." Then people get happier until they are old, when happiness drops off.
But the scientists said it was impossible to know what was really going on in people's heads.
"Our study is a data exploration," said Danforth. "It's not about developing a theory."
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(Agencies)
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有沒(méi)有可能分辨出我們到底有多高興呢?
答案是肯定的,因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)明出測(cè)量數(shù)百萬(wàn)博友快樂(lè)指數(shù)的方法,并發(fā)現(xiàn)邁克爾?杰克遜去世那天是博友們最傷心的日子之一,而美國(guó)大選之日則是他們四年來(lái)最開(kāi)心的一天。
佛蒙特大學(xué)高級(jí)計(jì)算中心的數(shù)學(xué)家、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家皮特?道茲和克里斯?丹佛斯創(chuàng)造了一種“感應(yīng)器”,它能夠探測(cè)230萬(wàn)博客,收集以“我覺(jué)得”或“我現(xiàn)在覺(jué)得”開(kāi)頭的句子。每個(gè)句子根據(jù)配有1034個(gè)詞的計(jì)分系統(tǒng)得出快樂(lè)分?jǐn)?shù),從1到9不等。例如,“勝利”這個(gè)詞的平均得分是8.87分,“天堂”的平均得分是8.72分,“煎餅”是6.08分,而“自殺”是1.25分。
他們說(shuō)這一“快樂(lè)儀”顯示去年十一月份美國(guó)大選之日是四年來(lái)博友們最快樂(lè)的一天,因?yàn)椤膀湴痢边@個(gè)詞高頻率地出現(xiàn),而“流行天王”死亡那天則是博友們最傷心的日子之一。
“像博客這種個(gè)人網(wǎng)上寫(xiě)作空間的迅速發(fā)展讓我們有機(jī)會(huì)即時(shí)測(cè)量情感的程度,”他們?cè)陬}為《測(cè)量大范圍使用書(shū)面表達(dá)的快樂(lè)指數(shù):歌、博客和總統(tǒng)》報(bào)告中說(shuō)。
他們的研究收集了近1000萬(wàn)個(gè)句子,研究報(bào)告在本周的《快樂(lè)研究》期刊中發(fā)表。
道茲說(shuō):“我們的方法只適用于大范圍應(yīng)用的文本,例如從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上可以找得到的詞句。任何一個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子可能都無(wú)法說(shuō)明什么。因?yàn)樵趥€(gè)體的表達(dá)中有太多的變數(shù)。”
兩位科學(xué)家說(shuō),盡管博客寫(xiě)手可能比普通人群更年輕,受教育程度更高,他們卻能夠廣泛地代表美國(guó)民眾的聲音。
而且,和那些對(duì)參與者當(dāng)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行調(diào)查的其他快樂(lè)研究不同,這些博客寫(xiě)手是在一種自然舒服的環(huán)境中寫(xiě)作。
丹佛斯說(shuō):“他們以為自己是在和朋友交流,但是(因?yàn)椴┛褪枪_(kāi)的),我們卻在他們背后觀看著一切。”
道茲和丹佛斯說(shuō)最近的社會(huì)科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)顯示人們?cè)诟鱾€(gè)年齡階段的感覺(jué)基本上都差不多,而他們倆的調(diào)查結(jié)果卻與之相反。
他們的調(diào)查方法顯示出來(lái)的結(jié)果是青少年是最不快樂(lè)的,他們或多或少地使用“惡心”、“恨”、“愚蠢”、“悲傷”、“壓抑”、“無(wú)聊”、“孤獨(dú)”、“生氣”和“肥胖”這些字眼。而隨著年紀(jì)增長(zhǎng),人們會(huì)變得快樂(lè)一些,直到他們進(jìn)入老年,那時(shí)快樂(lè)指數(shù)又會(huì)下降。
但是兩位科學(xué)家說(shuō)要知道人們的頭腦中到底在想什么是不可能的。
“我們的研究是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)上的調(diào)查,”丹佛斯說(shuō),“而不是要發(fā)展成一個(gè)理論。”
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(英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 陳丹妮編輯) |