“異地高考”英文怎么說(shuō)

歲末年初，一個(gè)最吸引眼球的新聞熱點(diǎn)就是異地高考，全國(guó)各地陸續(xù)公布了關(guān)于異地高考的實(shí)施方案。隨著大量城市流動(dòng)人口和進(jìn)城務(wù)工農(nóng)民工在異地工作時(shí)間的推移，其子女在流入地參加高考的問(wèn)題日益迫切。迄今為止，全國(guó)除西藏之外的省市都已出臺(tái)異地高考具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。異地高考踏上破冰之旅由此成為了2012年十大民生熱點(diǎn)之一，也引起了國(guó)外媒體的關(guān)注。那么，“異地高考”用英文怎么說(shuō)呢？說(shuō)起來(lái)，事情不是那么簡(jiǎn)單。首先，“異地高考”屬于典型的縮略語(yǔ)，而縮略語(yǔ)的背后往往具有十分復(fù)雜的背景。其次，縮略語(yǔ)的英譯有著很多規(guī)律和原則需要重視和遵循。

語(yǔ)言始終隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展而變化。在每一個(gè)社會(huì)發(fā)展階段，總會(huì)有一大批反映中國(guó)國(guó)情的時(shí)事新詞新語(yǔ)不斷涌現(xiàn)，極大地豐富了漢語(yǔ)詞匯，同時(shí)也進(jìn)一步反映了我國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展的成就。其中，為了節(jié)省口頭表達(dá)的時(shí)間，或者節(jié)省書(shū)面表達(dá)的版面，在講究效率的當(dāng)今社會(huì)，漢語(yǔ)中的縮略語(yǔ)數(shù)量在不斷增長(zhǎng)。縮略語(yǔ)常常因?yàn)榱⒁馍鷦?dòng)形象而使人難以忘記，或者因?yàn)槠錁?gòu)造別致而迅速流傳，為讀者所喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)。

縮略語(yǔ)的翻譯更是個(gè)復(fù)雜問(wèn)題。它不只是直譯和意譯的問(wèn)題，還涉及縮略語(yǔ)使用頻率和譯文的可理解性和可接受性問(wèn)題。縮略語(yǔ)翻譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)很容易做到字面上的形式對(duì)等，但這種簡(jiǎn)單的字面對(duì)等不能傳達(dá)縮略語(yǔ)所含的信息，因而不具有可理解性。所以，如何翻譯言簡(jiǎn)意賅、內(nèi)涵豐富、涵蓋面廣的縮略語(yǔ)，便是譯者需要注意的又一難題。在漢語(yǔ)中，縮略語(yǔ)包含了豐富的文化因素，其所指涉及多方面的社會(huì)文化知識(shí)，具有百科性詞語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，雖然短短的幾個(gè)字，但其中卻蘊(yùn)涵了多層次的意思，所以作為譯者，切不可望文生義，淺嘗輒止，照著字面意思對(duì)等翻譯，而應(yīng)在翻譯中吃透原文涵義，避免誤譯、漏譯錯(cuò)誤甚至產(chǎn)生政治歧義。

由此可見(jiàn)，要翻譯好“異地高考”，顯然必須首先了解這一具有高度概括性的縮略語(yǔ)背后的復(fù)雜背景。眾所周知，隨著大量城市流動(dòng)人口和進(jìn)城務(wù)工農(nóng)民工在異地工作時(shí)間的推移，其子女在流入地參加高考的問(wèn)題日益迫切。從2008年有全國(guó)人大代表提出解決外來(lái)務(wù)工人員子女就地高考問(wèn)題，到《國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要》征求意見(jiàn)，再到《教育規(guī)劃綱要學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)百問(wèn)》，“異地高考”這個(gè)議論了兩年多的問(wèn)題，在2011年3月7日十一屆全國(guó)人大四次會(huì)議上頗有“撥云見(jiàn)日”的跡象。異地高考作為一個(gè)微觀改革，經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為與宏觀的戶(hù)籍制度相沖突，也正因?yàn)楫惖馗呖紝儆谏鐣?huì)系統(tǒng)性改革中的一環(huán)，所謂“牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身”，盡管有人呼吁要以微觀變量促進(jìn)宏觀變革，但由于諸多因素的掣肘，高考仍難與戶(hù)籍剝離開(kāi)來(lái)。一些外來(lái)務(wù)工者的子女，從學(xué)前就在流入地接受教育，向所在地繳納了小學(xué)、初中、高中階段的贊助費(fèi)、借讀費(fèi)，卻在高考來(lái)臨時(shí)被打回原籍。

顯而易見(jiàn)，“異地高考”的英文表達(dá)，絕非college entrance examination in different places這樣的字面對(duì)應(yīng)譯文所能說(shuō)清楚的，這樣的譯文不能傳達(dá)縮略語(yǔ)所含的信息，因而不具有可理解性和可接受性。

下面讓我們來(lái)看看我國(guó)的一些官方英文門(mén)戶(hù)網(wǎng)站對(duì)“異地高考”是怎么說(shuō)的。

中國(guó)國(guó)際廣播電臺(tái)（http://english.cri.cn）在報(bào)道“異地高考”破冰這一消息時(shí)用的新聞標(biāo)題和導(dǎo)語(yǔ)分別是：

Migrant Students to Sit College Entrance Exam in Cities

Migrant students sitting for the National College Entrance Exam, or "gaokao," in where they live now or their hometowns has long been a topic of debate among the public. The Ministry of Education recently urged local education authorities to issue plans by the end of the year to enable the children of migrant workers to take the test in the city where they live.

新華網(wǎng)（http://news.xinhuanet.com/english）的相關(guān)報(bào)道的標(biāo)題、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)和正文片段分別是：

"Migrant students" to be fairly treated when taking college entrance exam Household registration restrictions on "migrant students" to take the national college entrance exam (NCEE) should be eased beginning from the end of this year, according to an official guideline issued on Friday.

Provincial governments should publish measures which allow children of migrant workers to take the exam at places where they currently reside, instead of having to go back their birthplaces to take the exam, as what is stipulated at present, according to the document.

The ministry currently forbids high school graduates from taking the NCEE in places where they do not have local household registration, or "hukou," regardless of how long they or their family have lived there.

中國(guó)網(wǎng)（http://www.china.org.cn）相關(guān)報(bào)道的標(biāo)題、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)和正文片段分別是：

Migrant children to sit gaokao in cities

Children who study in cities with their migrant worker parents will get fairer opportunities in the cutthroat college entrance exam, Minister of Education Yuan Guiren said on Thursday.

Yuan said the ministry is urging local education authorities to release plans by the end of this year to enable migrant workers' children to take the exam, also known as gaokao, in the city where they live.

So far, students can attend primary school and middle school in the city where their parents work and live, but they have to go back to their hometowns where they have hukou, or a permanent residence permit, to attend gaokao.

綜合上文，我們不難看出，實(shí)施“異地高考”方案的核心要素就是打破戶(hù)籍限制，允許農(nóng)民工子女在他們父母的工作和生活所在地報(bào)名參加高考，而不是返回到他們的戶(hù)籍所在地參加高考，所以在英譯時(shí)必須譯出其核心含義。

由此說(shuō)來(lái)，“異地高考”的英文表達(dá)可以囊括如下：

（1）a national policy to enable migrant workers' children to take the college entrance exam in the city where their parents work and live rather than going back to their hometowns to attend the exam because of the restrictions of household registration, or "hukou".

（2）measures released by regional governments in China to allow children of migrant workers to take the college entrance exam at places where they currently reside, instead of having to go back their birthplaces to take the exam, as what is stipulated in the past.

如果需要簡(jiǎn)介一些，則可以表達(dá)為a national policy to enable migrant workers' children to take the college entrance exam in the city where their parents work and live，也就是說(shuō)略去他們必須回到戶(hù)口所在地參加高考的這一背景介紹。

本文僅代表作者本人觀點(diǎn)，與本網(wǎng)立場(chǎng)無(wú)關(guān)。歡迎大家討論學(xué)術(shù)問(wèn)題，尊重他人，禁止人身攻擊和發(fā)布一切違反國(guó)家現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)的內(nèi)容。

相關(guān)閱讀：

兩岸四地外國(guó)專(zhuān)名翻譯異同趣談

“起步價(jià)”在英語(yǔ)里怎么表達(dá)

可以說(shuō)stop something done嗎？

“保健食品”英文怎么說(shuō)

“農(nóng)家樂(lè)”英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)

（作者王銀泉 中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 編輯陳丹妮）